Rujukan Revolusi Abbasiyah

  1. ↑ Frye, R. N.; Fisher, William Bayne; Frye, Richard Nelson; Avery, Peter; Boyle, John Andrew; Gershevitch, Ilya; Jackson, Peter (1975). The Cambridge History of Iran (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521200936.
  2. ↑ Paul Rivlin, Arab Economies in the Twenty-First Century, p. 86. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN 9780521895002
  3. ↑ Saïd Amir Arjomand, "Abd Allah Ibn al-Muqaffa and the Abbasid Revolution". Iranian Studies, vol. 27, Nos. 1–4. London: Routledge, 1994.
  4. ↑ Hala Mundhir Fattah, A Brief History of Iraq, p. 77. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2009. ISBN 9780816057672
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 G. R. Hawting, The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750, p. 105. London: Routledge, 2002. ISBN 9781134550586
  6. 1 2 Al-Baladhuri, Futuh al-Buldan, p. 417.
  7. ↑ G.R. Hawting, The First Dynasty of Islam, pp. 105 & 113.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Oxford History of Islam, p. 25. Ed. John Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 9780199880416
  9. ↑
  10. 1 2
  11. 1 2
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Islamic Art, p. 20. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1991. ISBN 9780674468665
  13. 1 2 G.R. Hawting, The First Dynasty of Islam, p. 106.
  14. ↑ Cornell, Vincent J.; Kamran Scot Aghaie (2007). Voices of Islam. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers. m/s. 117 and 118. ISBN 9780275987329. Dicapai pada 4 November 2014.
  15. 1 2 G.R. Hawting, The First Dynasty of Islam, p. 113.
  16. ↑ للرضا من ءال محمد
  17. ↑ ʿALĪ AL-REŻĀ, Irannica
  18. 1 2 The Oxford History of Islam, pp. 24–25.
  19. 1 2 Hala Mundhir Fattah, A Brief History of Iraq, p. 76.
  20. ↑ Farhad Daftary, Ismaili Literature, p. 15.
  21. ↑ Moojan Momen, An Introduction to Shi'i Islam, pp. 47–48. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985. ISBN 9780300035315
  22. ↑
  23. ↑ Stearns, Adas et al., "Converts and People of the Book."
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 Philip Adler and Randall Pouwels, World Civilizations, p. 214. Boston: Cengage Learning, 2014. ISBN 9781285968322
  25. ↑ G.R. Hawting, The First Dynasty of Islam, p. 4.
  26. ↑ Fred Astren, Karaite Judaism and Historical Understanding, p. 33 (only).
  27. ↑ Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, Kitab al-Aghani, vol. 4, p. 423.
  28. ↑ الرضا من ءآل محمد :al-reżā men āl Moḥammad
  29. ↑ ABBASID CALIPHATE, Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
  30. 1 2 3 The Oxford History of Islam, p. 24 only.
  31. ↑ G.R. Hawting, The First Dynasty of Islam, pp. 105 & 107.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 ABŪ MOSLEM ḴORĀSĀNĪ, Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  33. ↑ Bernard Lewis, The Middle East, Introduction, final two pages on the Umayyad Caliphate. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009. ISBN 9781439190005
  34. 1 2 3 G.R. Hawting, The First Dynasty of Islam, p. 108.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 Bernard Lewis, The Middle East, Introduction, first page on the Abbasid Caliphate.
  36. 1 2 3 4 Hala Mundhir Fattah, A Brief History of Iraq, p. 77. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2009. ISBN 9780816057672
  37. 1 2 3 Matthew Gordon, The Rise of Islam, p. 47.
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 G.R. Hawting, The First Dynasty of Islam, p. 116.
  39. ↑ G.R. Hawting, The First Dynasty of Islam, pp. 116–117.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 G.R. Hawting, The First Dynasty of Islam, p. 117.
  41. ↑ "Mahdi." Encyclopaedia of Islam, p. 1,233. 2nd. ed. Eds. Peri Bearman, Clifford Edmund Bosworth, Wolfhart Heinrichs et al.
  42. 1 2 Bertold Spuler, The Muslim World a Historical Survey, Part 1: the Age of the Caliphs, p. 49. 2nd ed. Leiden: Brill Archive, 1968.
  43. ↑
  44. 1 2 Bertold Spuler, The Muslim World a Historical Survey, p. 48.
  45. 1 2 3 G.R. Hawting, The Final Dynasty of Islam, p. 114.
  46. ↑
  47. 1 2 Andrew Marsham,, p. 16. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. ISBN 9780199806157
  48. ↑ Simon Barton, A History of Spain, p. 37. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. ISBN 0333632575
  49. ↑ Saïd Amir Arjomand, "Abd Allah Ibn al-Muqaffa and the Abbasid Revolution". Iranian Studies, vol. 27, Nos. 1–4. London: Routledge, 1994.
  50. ↑ C.W. Previté-Orton, The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 1, p. 239. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971.
  51. 1 2 Fred Astren, Karaite Judaism and Historical Understanding, p. 34.
  52. ↑
  53. 1 2 The Umayyads: The Rise of Islamic Art, p. 41.
  54. 1 2 Kathryn Babayan, Mystics, Monarchs, and Messiahs: Cultural Landscapes of Early Modern Iran, p. 150. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Center for Middle Eastern Studies, 2002. ISBN 9780932885289
  55. ↑ Muhammad Qasim Zaman, Religion and Politics Under the Early ʻAbbāsids: The Emergence of the Proto-Sunnī Elite, p. 6. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1997. ISBN 9789004106789
  56. ↑ Muhammad Qasim Zaman, Religion and Politics Under the Early ʻAbbāsids, p. 7.

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